Question:
What happens to aborted babies? Do they just miss their chance living on earth?

Answer:
Yes, you could say that, because all who die before the age of accountability (or before they know right from wrong) go to heaven.

The Lord said: “Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels [spirits] do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven. For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost” (Matthew 18:10,11).
For those who are older, like Zacchaeus, Jesus said: “For the Son of man is come to SEEK and to save that which was lost” (Luke 19:10). He didn’t have to “seek” the little ones who are lost, He just saves them. David also said about the baby that died shortly after he was born: “I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me” (2 Samuel 12:23).